Turkey is a country of diversity, stunning scenery, warm hospitality, and a whole selection of resorts and activities to suit all tastes. A country spanning two continents where east meets west and 10,000 years of civilisation, Turkey is really a treasure trove of history and culture.

Weather in Turkey – Southern Mediterranean and Aegean Coasts

Turkey’s Mediterranean and Aegean coasts boast an ideal Mediterranean climate with low humidity. The lengthy, extended summer runs between May possibly and October with temperatures ranging from the low 20?Cs at the beginning and end from the season, as much as the mid 30?Cs within the hottest months of July and August.

In the course of spring, the scent of citrus blossoms fills the environment, the hills and valleys are green with vegetation and also the cool, sunny days are ideal for hiking and sightseeing. During the autumn months it’s a pleasure to go to historical and natural sites in the cool weather in order to acquire up bargains at end-of-season sales! Winters tend to be mild with a few sun, and occasional showers, which is quite normal so that you can swim in the sea even in November.

Turkish Culture

This mixture of cultural influences and traditions in Turkey is among the stuff that draw tourists towards the country. Turkey has a wealthy cultural heritage with a long good reputation for influences from each Europe and Asia, which is reflected in the complexity and diversity of certain Turkish arts, language and handicrafts. Turks are proud of their centuries-old musical tradition, which is similar to the music of nearby Islamic regions for example Saudi Arabia, Iran, and northern India. A cosmopolitan nation, Turkey has also adopted and developed suggestions and traditions that combine Western, Asian, and Arabic elements.

Hamam

The Hamam, or Turkish Bath, would be a Roman and Byzantine tradition that was adopted by the Selcuk Turks in the 11th century and has been the main Turkish Culture along with a life-style ever since. It claimed an important role in society as not only was it a location where the faithful could follow the Muslim precept of cleanliness, it was additionally a place in which to socialize, gossip and even talk enterprise or politics. The exfoliation, bathing and massage routine provide each a soothing and exhilarating experience. Nowadays Hamams can be found in most Turkish cities and towns and are they’re popular with both locals and tourists alike.

Family Holidays in Turkey

Turks adore kids and try to extend a warm welcome to our young holidaymakers. There are lots of activities in Turkey which keeps kids pleased, the most popular being spending some time about the gently shelving beaches that are ideal for families. For the a lot more active, walking, horseback riding, cycling and watersports are available.

Religion

Whilst the populace of Turkey is all about 99% Muslim, the nation is really a secular state which allows total freedom of worship to non-muslims. Tourists visiting coastal resorts are unlikely to determine a lot evidence that they’re in a Muslim country, except for the call to prayer which may be heard 5 times per day. If visiting a mosque, dress conservatively and steer clear of visiting throughout prayer times or on Fridays, the holy day. On the coast, dress is usually relaxed beachwear for locals and tourists alike. It is only in smaller villages, more remote areas and also the east of the country that the dress codes tend to be more formal and more conventional.

In the course of Ramadan, or Ramazan, as it is termed in Turkey, some locals might quick from sunrise to sunset. This is quite relaxed within the resort areas and really should not have any impact whatsoever to visitors.

Public Holidays in Turkey

Government offices and banks is going to be closed on public holidays, but life in the resort areas continues much as usual. Funds exchange bureaux and most shops and restaurants open as regular.

With the average gas prices already at .97, according to Triple A’s Daily Fuel Gauge Report, and climbing toward the highest recorded average of .11 that crippled travel back in 2008, travelers are looking for getaways a bit closer to home and that won’t break the bank.

Situated only one and half hours north of Atlanta Georgia, one hour south of Chattanooga Tennessee and two hours east of Huntsville Alabama, Wilderness View Cabins is a centrally located weekend getaway in the North Georgia Mountains that won’t bust your wallet; or your gas gauge.

With eleven cabins spread out on over 100 acres of the Cohutta Wilderness, and joining into the Chattahoochee National Forest, there is a luxury cabin that is perfect for everybody.

Looking for a Romantic Getaway for two? Ananda, our spa cabin, might be the perfect fit. Intimate, relaxing and amenity filled; you’ll arrive and not want to leave.

Need a Family Getaway? Grandview is the largest cabin on the property and can sleep up to ten. It features a pool table, a outdoor fire pit, a hot tub, a jetted tub and a “Grand” View — you can’t go wrong with this cabin!

Many of the cabins have outstanding and breathtaking mountain views, while others are nestled in the forest where the views are of birs, chimpunks, turkey and even some bears.

The property amentities include hiking, a catfish pond, a newly designed zipline, a nearby swimming lake that also has canoe rentals, and lots of peace and quiet.

All of our cabins were hand built by owner Robert Coleman and designed by his wife, Liz, ensuring that no two are alike. Each cabin has its own unique charm and character, making them extra special and different than normal cabin rentals.

Wallet Stretching Specials

Come mid week and save even more! Stay any three nights during the week and we’ll lower the regular rate by an average of 20% per night making it even easier for you to stretch your vacation dollars. Stay any five nights between now and the end of September and we’ll pay your cleaning fee for you!

If you are looking for a weekend getaway near Atlanta Georgia; a weekend getaway near Chattanooga Tennessee; a weekend getaway near Huntsville Alabama or a weekend getaway anywhere in between, look no further. The perfect one to four bedroom cabin is waiting for you, high in the North Georgia Mountains

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Whether you?re traveling by choice or necessity, there?s a few places out there that shouldn?t be passed up. If you happen to find yourself in any of the listed locations, take a moment and enjoy what it has to offer.

1. Muskoka Cottage Country, Ontario, Canada

This 2,500 square-mile, hidden treasure is located outside of Toronto, and is located beside 8,699 miles of spectacular shoreline, containing 17 historic towns. You?ll discover the Algonquin Provincial Park to the east, home to dozens of waterfalls, mountains and other natural splendors. Containing more than 30,000 separate islands that seem almost painted on the horizon, the Georgian Bay Islands National Park is to the west.

2. Patagonia, Argentina

Argentina?s largest ski area is covered in white snow from mid-June until late September. One of the country?s most beautiful locations, private jet charter will take you passed the planet?s highest mountain ranges outside of Asia, allowing you to really take in the amazement that is the Southern Andes.

3. San Juan Islands, Washington

This serene area is great for whale watching is only a 30-45 minute executive jet charter from of Seattle. Comprised of four islands, you can travel back and forth to each of them by ferry, and take in all they have to offer.

4. Minneapolis, Minnesota

Location of the Mall of America, this metropolis really is the heart of the mid-west. This city comes to life with an assortment of events and cultural fairs all summer long when they don?t experience snowfall in the brief summer season.

5. Glacier Bay National Park, Alaska

27% of the 3.2 million-acre park is full of glaciers, and while taking in this amazing destination, you might also spot any of a wide variety of wildlife, from bears to porpoise, moose, and humpback whales, making the journey unforgettable.

6. Cardiff, Whales

The capitol city of Whales offers castles and no shortage of modern excitement all at once. Museums and outdoor activities such as white-water rafting are all well within your reach. The 2012 Summer Olympics football matches are also being geared up for in the capitol?s modern Millennium Stadium.

7. Stockholm Archipelago, Sweden

Making this a fanastic spot to traverse and enjoy the 62 mile stretch by boat, helicopter, kayak, or any number of choices at your disposal, the ?Garden on the Rocks? lays claim to nearly 25,000 separate islands, and only 1,000 of which are inhabited.

8. Azores, Portugal

Nearly a thousand miles off the mainland, these 9 islands are mostly undeveloped, to preserve their natural essence. You may view everything ranging from volcanoes to scenic towns, windmills and all, as you enjoy this low-key destination.

9. Roatan, Honduras

Offering adventure for the entire family, this shallow-water, living coral reef is found about thirty miles off the coast of the country. You may go fishing, explore the reef, or even swim with dolphins.

10. Istria, Croatia

This 333 mile-long coast features more than forty beaches and has been awarded the prestigious Blue Flag for exceptional water quality and environmental management standards. The colorful past may still be experienced there at the present, this location has been a seasonal hotspot for hundreds of years.

Wherever you decide to spend your time, be certain to appreciate what you see around you. You should still take some time out for yourself to enjoy yourself and have memories to treasure for the entirety of your life; the world contains limitless splendors.

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As the credit crunch starts to bite, this kind of considerations of cost too as convenience will intensify the require for travellers to appear whatsoever factors of their spending budget.

Hence they will be selecting destinations depending on accessible routes from their nearby air port to conserve fuel on driving to some far-away air port, or hotels expenses for an overnight stay prior to departure. Additionally, the price of fuel is currently causing airlines for example Ryanair (who have seen exponential growth within the past decade) to cut back on chosen routes. How this will affect client choice and also the ability of some destinations to continue to attract UK visitors is yet to be observed, but encounter shows that destinations without a conventional following is going to be hard-pressed to maintain customer loyalty when low-cost travel facilities begin to dry up in coming seasons. Conkers is an award winning family attraction dedicated towards the organic world. This may be the perfect place to enjoy, play and learn about the life in the British woodland. There are 100 indoor interactive exhibits collectively with 120 acres of trails, habitats and sculpture, all designed to involve and entertain the whole family. Indoors, kids will appreciate the discovery zones, exactly where they can really feel a leaf breathe, touch a toad and even travel in woodland time machine! They will also be kept amused using the indoor adventure perform area with tunnels, slides and towers.

Outside, there are lakeside walks and nature and sculpture trails, with a narrow gauge train. Nearby is the flourishing National Forest and also the Donington Motor Racing Park. The city of Leicester is definitely worth a visit with its unusual shops, fascinating attractions, fine dining places, a vibrant nightlife along with a strong cultural diversity. Over the last decade Leicester has evolved into one of the country’s most diverse and vibrant cities. As among the country’s finest retailing destinations, its excellent for purchasing with all of the big name shops together with an array of distinctive specialist stores and designer labels. It also is an excellent location to spend a relaxing evening; with its unique ethnic mix, there are a broad assortment of eateries within the city, from some of the best Asian dining places towards the conventional English restaurants tucked away within the historical Leicester Lanes. Collectively with an array of elegant bars and entertainment venues, the only problem will be deciding exactly where to go!

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Importance: Under Jahangir’s rule, both Muslims and Hindus were tolerated in India. Persian culture, especially, was incorporated into the culture, the influences of which can still be seen today. The arts also flourished. However, Jahangir had several skirmishes with Sikhs, as several other Indian leaders, like Indira Gandhi, did.

Aurangzeb: A Mughal emperor whose actions started the decline of the Mughal Empire.

Importance: Aurangzeb expanded the territory of the Mughal Empire while he was emperor, expanding to its greatest size. However, unlike his tolerant predecessors, Aurangzeb persecuted Indians who were not Sunni Muslims like himself. Tensions built up from Hindus and Sikhs when they were taxed, forbidden influential government positions, and deprived of their temples. These tensions led to rebellions and riots, which were one of the major factors in the decline of the Mughal Empire.

Taj Mahal: A mausoleum built by India’s Mughal emperor Shah Jahan from 1632-1643 to honor his wife.

Importance: The Taj Mahal represents the melding of Muslim and Hindu beliefs during the Mughal Empire. However, the people of the empire were taxed heavily for the construction of the Taj Mahal and other extravagances during Shah Jahan’s reign. The riots that resulted from these taxes eventually led to the decline of the Mughal Empire. Also, during their Indian occupation, the British showed little regard for the Taj Mahal and other components of Indian culture, and sometimes even chipped pieces of the tomb off for souvenirs.

East India Company: A British trading company that Britain used to carry out imperialism in India.

Importance: The East India Company was Britain’s first step on the way to imperialism in India. The company encouraged Indian farmers to grow cash crops like cotton instead of food, and then sell the cash crops to Britain. This made India dependent on Britain for food and for manufactured goods like textiles. By taking control of Indian trade and economy, the British are in effect taking over the entire country.

Sepoy Rebellion: A rebellion of Hindu and Muslim soldiers against the British in India in the mid-nineteenth century.

Importance: The Sepoy rebellion resulted from oppressive British rule. When the British wanted Hindu and Muslim soldiers to go against the particular beliefs of their religions about pork and beef, it sparked a violent uprising against the British. Both sides suffered large casualties from the rebellion, and extreme brutality was seen from both the British and the Indians. When the fighting was over, the British responded by abolishing the rule of the East India Company and instead ruling directly over India.

Amritsar Massacre: An event in which British troops fired on a large crowd of peaceful, unarmed Indian protestors, killing some 400 people; it led to a campaign of protest led by Gandhi.

Importance: The Amritsar Massacre was the last straw for many Indians. It finally convinced the majority of the population that British occupation had to end in India. Indians realized that they needed to run their own government, one that wouldn’t massacre peaceful, unarmed demonstrators. With the nationalist enthusiasm ruffled up from the massacre, Gandhi started to organize protests and boycotts of Britain.

Nationalism: Sense of pride and devotion to one’s nation.

Importance: After years of British imperialism, Indians wanted to rule their own country again, and so started a campaign of nationalism. Reformers like Gandhi led the people in protests against British goods and people. The Indian’s nationalism for their country eventually drove the British out of India, and it prompted India to form a government of its own.

Indian National Congress: A major political party in India; founded in 1885 to press for greater rights for Indian sunder British rule, it later became one of the main forces calling for Indian independence.

Importance: The Indian National Congress was an organization formed to promote nationalism, and its goal was to retake India from the British. At first, its requests of the imperialist government were humble, but as nationalism grew more popular, the Indian National Congress announced its goal. After Britain announced that it planned to partition Bengal, the Indian National Congress rallied Indians in a protest of British goods. This was a major factor in the British ending their rule in India.

Muslim League: A political group founded in 1906 to protect the rights of Indian Muslims; it later became one of the main forces calling for Indian independence and a separate nation for Indian Muslims.

Importance: The Muslim League was the first official sign of disagreement between Muslims and Hindus. Many Muslims in India were growing concerned that the new government would be Hindu-dominant, and Muslims wouldn’t have any control in it. Led by Muhammad Ali Jinnah, the Muslim League wanted a partition of India. They were eventually granted a separate country, Pakistan.

Gandhi: An Indian reformer who advocated nonviolent protest of British rule.

Importance: Gandhi was the driving force behind nationalism in India. He first coined the phrase Satyagraha, and completely encompassed the nonviolent ideals in his protests of Britain. However, Gandhi did not support the Partition of 1947; he seemed to know, somehow, of the violence that would ensue from the partition. Gandhi himself was a victim of the violence: a warped Hindu assassinated him for his tolerance of Muslims.

Satyagraha: A technique of nonviolent resistance coined by Gandhi.

Importance: Satyagraha was what differentiated the Indian nationalist movement from other movements of its kind previously. Instead of violently rebelling, Gandhi and his followers peacefully and sensibly boycotted British rule, in a way that appealed to the imperialist country’s human nature. Satyagraha was an effective way of ending imperialism in India, and it was mirrored in other protests throughout the world. Unfortunately, the principles of Satyagraha were not followed during the Partition of 1947 and the violence that ensued.

Jawaharlal Nehru: India’s first prime minister after the Partition of 1947.

Importance: As the first leader of the primarily Hindu India, Jawaharlal Nehru emphasized unity and democracy after a time of violence and imperialism. Under his rule, India improved treatment of women, the poor, and the lower castes. He also encouraged modern technology as used in agriculture and industry, which stimulated India’s poor economy. Jawaharlal Nehru basically created a new, stable government, which was necessary in the political and economical turmoil that would follow his rule.

Muhammad Ali Jinnah: A leader of the Muslim League who advocated the Partition of 1947.

Importance: As the British weakened their hold on India, Hindu politicians began to gain power in the government. The minority Muslim population in India began to worry that, in the new government, Muslims would be underrepresented and discounted. It was this fear that prompted Muhammad Ali Jinnah to call for a partition of India, for a separate Muslim country. Though he could not have known it at the time, his paranoia would lead to the eventual death of millions of people in the Partition of 1947.

Indira Gandhi: A prime minister of India known for her violence with Sikhism. 

Importance: The daughter of her predecessor Jawaharlal Nehru, Indira Gandhi was the first female prime minister in Indian history, which promoted the role of women in Indian society. She was an able leader, but she faced insurgence from a band of militant Sikhs. When they occupied a temple in Amritsar, Indira Gandhi had the Sikhs killed. This led Indira’s Sikh bodyguards to assassinate her, which in turn led to a wave of anti-Sikh violence in India.

Partition of 1947: A division of India into two separate Muslim (Pakistan) and Hindu (India) countries.

Importance: Though Gandhi was vehemently opposed to it, the British felt creating a partition would be the best way to quell sectarian violence between Muslims and Hindus after they left. They established East and West Pakistan, and all members of each religion were encouraged to relocate to their respective sides. The British did not, however, anticipate the violence that accompanied the Partition of 1947: millions of people died, and countless more were injured or abused, as a result of violence between traveling Muslims and Hindus.

Kashmir: A region located near the border of India and Pakistan.

Importance: During the Partition of 1947, the British drew up hasty boundaries between Muslim territory and Hindu territory. One disputed boundary was the one that divided Kashmir. Both India and Pakistan held a claim to Kashmir, and soon violence broke out between the two sides to determine the rightful owner of the land. Though an official boundary line, called the Line of Control, was drawn separating Kashmir into two sides, violence and propaganda still occur between Muslims and Hindus over the territory.

Nonalignment: A state of refusal to ally with either side of a dispute.

Importance: During the Cold War, India was one of the countries that chose to be nonaligned, and did not take America’s or Russia’s side in the dispute. Instead, it remained neutral. In this way, India was able to receive aid from both countries. In a time of economic instability and failure, the help of both America and Russia was needed, and India couldn’t afford to lose the support of one of the superpowers.

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They have given the cold shoulder to the Shimla, Manali and Nainital of the world, to zero in on the picturesque, snow-clad peaks of the Seven Sisters. Experts in the travel industry say the traffic is headed to places such as Tawang in Arunachal Pradesh; Cherrapunjee and Jaintia Hills in Meghalaya; and Gangtok, Yuksom and Pelling in Sikkim. Even the most ignored state in the North-East, Assam, has some hidden gems to offer — Manas and Nameri national parks, for instance.

The number of hits for destinations in the northeast on leading travel websites such as eTravelsIndia.com and Yatra.com has risen by 15 per cent from last year; queries about places of interest and actual bookings are up by 30 per cent. They have experienced more traffic to the north-east this season, especially from Delhi. Nearby states such as Delhi residents have exhausted Himachal and Uttarakhand, so the northeast is a new holiday destination to check out.

Traditional hill stations are getting overcrowded and a host of other problems are plaguing them. Shimla is facing an acute shortage of accommodation. And with Himachal seeing deficient rainfall and soaring mercury — the average temperatures are 6-7 degrees above normal this year — visitors are in for a tough time. Plastic is banned in Himachal Pradesh, but the steady flow of tourists ensures that the dirt and filth continues to pile up. On the other hand, shrouded in mystery and holding out the promise of the exotic, the north- east now not only offers better infrastructure and connectivity, but also has picturesque trekking trails, limestone caves and scenic waterfalls.

Some of the states also have tea gardens or orchid sanctuaries (especially in Sikkim) to draw visitors. The domestic travellers are clearly dissatisfied with Himachal’s famous crowd-pullers. And not only are they willing to cough up huge sums to make their summer vacations memorable, they are also keen on checking out new destinations.

According to the website, between January and March this year, traffic flow to the north-eastern destinations went up by 15 per cent.

Promotional activities of the government and private players have also played a role in mainstreaming northeastern states. Flooded with requests to provide information on tour packages to Sikkim, Meghalaya, Nagaland and Arunachal Pradesh. With an increase in the traffic to the north- east, the state tourism departments and private players are offering good promotional packages. The scenic beauty of the north- east provides a breathtaking stage for an array of adventure sports and leisure activities such as rowing, sailing, water scootering and river cruises. But what makes a real difference to the traveller is the undiscovered natural wealth of the region.

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ACC

WAKE FOREST (-6) VS. Duke:  Wake Forest has been a very good bet at home over the last five years or so and they are set up good here against a Duke team that wont be able to stop the run.  The game situations lean in Duke’s favor slightly though so that prevents a more sizable confidence level here.  Pick:  Wake Forest (-6)

Georgia Tech (-13.5) VS. KANSAS:  Yeah thats not the start that Turner Gill wanted in losing to North Dakota State in one of the biggest upsets in Week 1.  Kansas is really not as bad as they looked here and the embaressment of losing that game should force them into more focus and willingness to play for pride in front of the home crowd.  One of the better angles in handicapping is to go with a team playing at home off an unexpected loss the week before.  Tech is a very solid team for sure but the emotion angle will be with Kansas.  Pick:  Kansas (+13.5)

OKLAHOMA (-7) VS. Florida State:  THIS GAME IS ONE OF OUR BEST BETS FOR THE WEEK AND IS FOR SUBSCRIBERS ONLY.

BOSTON COLLEGE (-17) VS. Kent State:  Kent State has a shot to hang close here as Spencer Keith is a decent QB and Boston College is giving a little too many points off a meaningless win over Weber State.  Boston College still has issues on the offensive side of the ball and dont have the type of a attack that cam stay in front by a large margin.  PICK:  Kent State (+17)

OHIO STATE (-8.5) VS. Miami:  Quite possibly the best game on the docket for Week 2, count on a low scoring defensive battle as both teams are quite dominant on that side of the ball.  Ohio State wins the QB battle with Tyrrell Pryor over Jacory Harris but the Hurricanes qualify for a 23-10-1 ATS angle that plays on an underdog in a game between two ranked teams where the line is larger than a TD.  PICK:  Miami (+8.5)

CENTRAL FLORIDA (-3) VS. NC State:  Even matchup between these two teams and the line is right on here.  Central Florida should win and they do qualify for a modest 10-4-2 ATS home field goal favorite angle.  PICK:  Central Florida (-3)

USC (-19.5) VS. Virginia:  USC’s defense was shockingly inept last week against Hawaii and you have to wonder if there is a edge deficiency due to the fact that they are suspended from postseason play for the next two years.  Virginia is playing with a boost due to Mike London coming in as as new coach and they certainly can hang tight here.  PICK:  Virginia (+19.5)

BIG EAST

WEST VIRGINIA (-12.5) VS. Marshall:  THIS GAME IS ONE OF OUR STRONG OPINIONS FOR THE WEEK AND IS FOR SUBSCRIBERS ONLY.

FLORIDA (-16) VS. South Florida:  THIS GAME IS ONE OF OUR STRONG OPINIONS FOR THE WEEK AND IS FOR SUBSCRIBERS ONLY.

WASHINGTON (-13.5) VS. Syracuse:  THIS GAME IS ONE OF OUR BEST BETS FOR THE WEEK AND IS FOR SUBSCRIBERS ONLY.

Rutgers (-17.5) VS. FLORIDA INTERNATIONAL:  Rutgers has no business being favored by this much on the road against a Florida International team thats has been a good home underdog the last few years.  They should be able to ride a decent enough defense to hang tight.  PICK:  Florida International (+17.5)

BIG TEN

WISCONSIN (-38) VS. San Jose State:  San Jose State is a joke and they will get destroyed for the second week in a row by the steamrolling rushing game of the Badgers.  Only thing preventing this from being a Strong Opinion is the high number combined with the fact Wisconsin doesnt have what you would call an explosive offense.  PICK:  Wisconsin (-38)

Michigan State (-28) VS. Florida Atlantic:  Florida Atlantic is feeling good after their win over UAB but this game has angles going in both directions so my advice is to stay away.  PICK:  PASS

IOWA (-13.5) VS. Iowa State:  The always hotly contested in-state rivalry gets going early this year and State looked great last week in beating a decent Northern Illinois team.  Iowa has the much better passer here in Ricky Stanzi and they are better on both sides of the ball.  However State might be better than people give them credit for so the points are tempting.  PICK:  Iowa State (+13.5)

NOTRE DAME (-4) VS. Michigan:  This is a must see game as both teams looks to show some legitimacy to their seasons.  Both looked good in winning last week and both have good young QB’s who are ready to shine.  Denard Robinson looks like the next Pat White for Rich Rodriguez and he figures to give the poor Notre Dame defense fits.  Notre Dame’s offense was the story last week versus Purdue however and they figure to be able to go to work on an average Wolverine stop unit.  The big stat here however is the fact that the underdog in this series is a ridiculous 20-4 ATS and that has us leaning with Michigan here.  PICK:  Michigan (+4)

ALABAMA (-12) VS. Penn State:  This will be asking a lot for Penn State with a freshman QB to go down to Alabama and beat the defending national champs.  Its one thing for Robert Bolden to go against Youngstown State and quite another to take on Nick Saban’s defense.  The Crimson State will be stoked and will throw looks to Bolden that he will not be ready for.  PICK:  Alabama (-12)

BIG TWELVE

NEBRASKA (-28) VS, Idaho:  THIS GAME IS ONE OF OUR STRONG OPINIONS FOR THE WEEK AND IS FOR SUBSCRIBERS ONLY.

BAYLOR (-16.5) VS. Buffalo:  Its almost impossible to ever recommend Buffalo as they seem to be among the worst teams in the nation year after year.  Baylor and QB Robert Griffin should have their way here against their average D and coast from there.  PICK:  Baylor (-16.5)

OKLAHOMA STATE (-13.5) VS. Troy State:  THIS GAME IS ONE OF OUR BEST BETS FOR THE WEEK AND IS FOR SUBSCRIBERS ONLY.

TEXAS (-28.5) VS. Wyoming:  Texas should be ashamed of the fact that they didnt blow out a bad Rice team last week.  The name brand is inflating the lines higher than they should be and Wyoming has always been a pretty spunky non-BCS team.  Still there are angles going both ways so stay away here.  PICK:  PASS

TEXAS A @ M (-19.5) VS. Louisiana Tech:  Louisiana Tech struggled against Grambling State last week so the step up in competition should not help them here.  A @ M is not a world beater by any stretch of the imagination but they are the lesser of two evils.  PICK:  Texas A @ M (-19.5)

Texas Tech (-24.5) VS. NEW MEXICO:  New Mexico could lay claim the worst effort in Week 1 in losing 72-0 to Oregon last week.  Texas Tech also has their warts as they struggled in their first game without Mike Leach.  Hard to get excited about either team in this game so pass it.  PICK:  PASS

CONFERENCE USA

Houston (-20) VS. TEXAS EL PASO:  THIS GAME IS ONE OF OUR STRONG OPINIONS FOR THE WEEK AND IS FOR SUBSCRIBERS ONLY.

EAST CAROLINA (-13) VS. Memphis:  East Carolina might have something here with Dominique Davis at QB and confidence is sky high after their improbable win over Tulsa last week.  This game has high scoring written all over it as both defenses are shaky but ECU qualifies for a 27-11-4 ATS week 2 angle.  PICK:  East Carolina (-13)

NORTH TEXAS (-3) VS. Rice:  THIS GAME IS ONE OF OUR BEST BETS FOR THE WEEK AND IS FOR SUBSCRIBERS ONLY.

TULSA (-16.5) VS. Bowling Green:  Tulsa took one right in the guy last week in losing at the gun to East Carolina due to a Hail Mary pass.  No one could blame them for falling flat here.  Emotion is a huge part of the betting game and they certainly will be challenged in that department this week.  PICK:  Bowling Green (+16.5)

SMU (-11) VS. UAB:  David Isabelle is a running back playing QB for UAB and he will havae to carry the load all season for them.  SMU has the opposite in Kyle Padron who has a very good arm and who should be able to open things up against a shoddy UAB defensive backfield.  UAB qualifies for the best angle however as the apply to a 22-10-1 ATS angle.  PICK:  UAB (+11)

Mississippi (-20.5) VS. TULANE:  How Ole Miss lost to Jacksonville State in Week 1 is beyond comprehension.  Be that as it may, the SHOULD be able to handle an awful Tulane team that cant do much of anything right.  Despite this, most of the angles go against Ole Miss and so its probably best to pass.  PICK:  PASS

INDEPENDENT

ARMY (-3) VS. Hawaii:  It is going to be tough for Hawaii to get up for this game after playing USC tough last week and now having to travel across the country.  Army can run the ball as usual and they actually can use their option offense to keep Hawaii off the field here,  PICK:  Army (-3)

KENTUCKY (-24.5) VS. Western Kentucky:  THIS GAME IS ONE OF OUR STRONG OPINIONS FOR THE WEEK AND IS FOR SUBSCRIBERS ONLY.

MID AMERICAN

TEMPLE (-7) VS. Central Michigan:  There is nothing to get excited about here but the Owls are on the right side of the betting ledger.  Temple qualifies for a 20-10-1 ATS home favorite angle for Week 2.  PICK:  Temple (-7)

MIAMI OHIO (-14) VS. Eastern Michigan:  Eastern Michigan has the tactical advantage here as they are a good running team facing a terrible Miami Ohio run defense.  There are nothing major to report with angles here so go with the points and the strategic edge.  PICK:  Eastern Michigan (+14)

Toledo (-9) VS. OHIO:  Ohio is a decent underdog here as they qualify for a 34-15-1 ATS angle that plays on home underdogs in week 2.  Toledo is better offensively but the trends are going against them this week.  PICK:  Ohio (+9)

MOUNTAIN WEST

AIR FORCE (-1) VS. BYU:  THIS GAME IS ONE OF OUR STRONG OPINIONS FOR THE WEEK AND IS FOR SUBSCRIBERS ONLY.

UTAH (-22) VS. UNLV:  THIS GAME IS ONE OF OUR BEST BETS FOR THE WEEK AND IS FOR SUBSCRIBERS ONLY.

San Diego State (-13) VS. NEW MEXICO STATE:  Ryan Lindley is a QB that San Diego State can do somethings with and the defense pitched a shutout lats week against Nicholls State.  Of course it was only Nicholls State but New Mexico State at least from an offensive standpoint may not be much better.  NMS does qualify for some good angles as a home dog however so the smart money is one them here but it would be best to avoid this borefest.  PICK:  PASS

NEVADA (-23.5) VS. Colorado State:  Colorado State was a terrible dissapointment for us last week as they were the only BEST BET we lost and they werent even competitive against their biggest rivals in Colorado.  If they cant get up for that contest, it might be tough to envision them doing much agianst a decent Wolfpack team.  Despite that embaressment, State is the better play this week based on a 56-21-2 ATS bounceback angle.  Playing on the road will put them at ease away from their dissapointed fans and should give them a boost.  PICK:  Colorado State (+23.5)

PAC 10

CALIFORNIA (-10) VS. Colorado:  THIS GAME IS ONE OF OUR STRONG OPINIONS FOR THE WEEK AND IS FOR SUBSCRIBERS ONLY.

Oregon (-12) VS. TENNESSEE:  Oregon has the big QB advantage here as Nate Costa is a much more adequate passer than Matt Simms but both teams are coming into the game full of confidence after their blowout wins last week.  LaMichael James puts the Ducks over the top here but Tennessee does qualify for some good home underdog angles.  This is a tough one to call as Tennessee has always been tough at home so it might be best to look away.  PICK:  PASS

Stanford (-5) VS. UCLA:  The Bruins are the live underdog here as they qualify for a verty profitbale 44-15-4 ATS home underdog angle.  Stanford has a few trends in their favor as well but the UCLA angle is the strongest.  PICK:  UCLA (+5)

SEC

SOUTH CAROLINA (-3) VS. Georgia:  THIS GAME IS ONE OF OUR BEST BETS FOR THE WEEK AND IS FOR SUBSCRIBERS ONLY. 

ARKANSAS (-34) VS. UL Monroe:  Arkanas is always a tough team to figure but they should handle a UL Monroe team that is woeeful on both sides of the ball.  Either way this is a boring game to dicsuss.  PICK:  Arkansas (-34)

LSU (-19.5) VS. VANDERBILT:  LSU is incredibly overrated as they almost threw last week’s game away against North Carolina.  Vanderbilt has their own issues but they qualify for a 56-20-2 ATS game 2 angle.  PICK:  Vanderbilt (+19.5)

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Weather

In terms of land mass, China is the world’s third biggest country. China’s climate varies from sub arctic in the North (incredibly cold) to tropical (incredibly hot and sticky) in the South. In terms of topography/terrain China is also very diverse with mountains, deserts, and plateaus in the east and plains, large rivers and hills in the west. Just in terms of elevation you have Mount Everest in Tibet, the highest point in the world with a height of  8,848 meters above sea level You then have the Turpan depression in Xinjiang Autonomous Region with an elevation of 154 meters below sea level. The world’s fifth lowest point.

Such extremes means that there are times when the weather will be suitable and make a great travel experience and there are times when the weather will be very unsuitable and make for a travel experience you’d rather not remember.

So in terms of climate, when are good times to visit different places in China?

In general the best times to travel to the north and north east part of China are early Spring and late Autumn. Summer is also a good time to visit this part of China if you can handle dry heat. The time to avoid is winter when you have bone chilling temperatures as low as -40C. The exceptions are travelling for skiing and the Harbin Snow & Ice Festival.

For southern and central China, Spring and Autumn are the best times. Winter is bearable in the southern parts of China in places like Hong Kong, Macau and Hainan but still very cold in central China in places like Hunan and Sichuan provinces.

Unless you thrive on high temperatures, humidity and love sweat, avoid travelling to central China during summer.  Chongqing, Wuhan and Nanjing are called the three ovens of China and if you travel there in summer you will be hard pressed to fully appreciate and enjoy these wonderful cities.

Holidays

Chinese holidays can offer unique and captivating insights into a very rich and fascinating culture and they can also cause night mare holidays. In China the main holidays are Spring festival (the equivalent of western Christmas), Qing Ming festival, Mid Autumn festival and the Dragon boat festival.

Of these holidays, the only one I would avoid is the Spring festival where half the country packs up and goes home for the holiday. Literally.  To give you an example in the Spring festival of 2011, 221 million people travelled by train. This is the largest migration of people any where in the world.

If you travel in China during this time, train tickets will be next to impossible to buy and bus stations, train stations and most other please chaotic and crowded, Seriously crowded. The two pictures really don’t do justice to the state of train stations during this festival.  You do not want to know the state of toilets during this time.

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And more adventures come from Rotary GSE.

November 12th – Monday in Shanghai:

Lilly explained that many industries in China are still government owned and people are used to working for the government. Until only fifteen years ago all were paid the same wages, no matter what job that they did. There is much labor in China – and we headed out this morning early over one of the six suspension bridges connecting the older west side of the city to the newer east side of the City – and all have been built since 1990 — thanks to the Chinese labor force. This time in history marks a major change for the City as many new buildings and public projects were completed – and we noticed that construction activity seems to never stop here. We drove in the company van – the Jin Bei, a Toyota product – and we commented on others, a Buick, and Volkswagen has a join project with a Chinese venture here. Lilly’s parents were penalized twenty years ago for having two children – instead of the “one child restriction imposed by the government” – and lost half of their salary for several years. Today her husband works for the water company – which was half acquired by the French several years ago. Jeans are everywhere – with “bling” – and the dress on women here looks like American women in designed jeans.

Today we are going to Tia Xing – where Kobayashi San’s Knitting Factory is located, in a town of about 130 million people – and it’s a three hour drive from Shanghai through the countryside. Lilly told us that washing machines are popular in China but not dryers – so people hang their clothes out to try – and thus, these are called the “national flag” – but the government has since said that in the City people can not hang their underwear out in this fashion. We enjoyed the countryside along the way – the houses that surprised us with their grandeur and spaciousness – the neatly tended farms and water ponds and carefully trimmed bushes framing the highway. We were surprised by the large sky-rising frames for the bridge that spanned the mile of the Yangtze River (the Chang Chang Jing River) – and as we looked down we witnessed the highly trafficked commercial river that runs west to east, emptying in the East China Sea – connecting five major rivers – and many many cities. Shanghai is located at the eastern end of the Yangtze River (the “long river”).

We arrived at the factory and were greeted, Chinese style, by the staff outside – and Tanaka San and Shidan Xia. Lunch was a grand feast in the company management dining room – so many foods – and we ate heartily. After coffee in the sitting room – Shidan Xia, Lilly, Dennis, Kobayashi San and I returned to the van – to go to Yang Zchou, about an hour away, which is the home of Jiang Ze Min, the former President of China and the home of the Shou Xi Hu (Slim West Lake). Pulling up to the water, we boarded the dragon boats, sitting with the long table, enjoying tea and sesame candy – and beginning our float down the scenic beauty of the lake – past the pagoda style structures, the willow trees gently descending to the water, and the classic beauty of this very Chinese setting. We made our way under the arched bridges, and the bridge with five pavilions, and the 24-step bridge. I really liked the sesame candy and soon Xia brought back six packages to take home. This setting on the Slim Lake would also be very beautiful in the springtime when the peach blossoms and other color enhanced the scenic picture – and we enjoyed today, also, wrapped in a foggy hue.

Leaving the Lake, we stopped at the Da Ming Temple, where the Buddhist monk Jian Chen (who went seven times to Japan to take Buddhism in the Tang Dynasty) – became a monk. We entered the first structure and saw a big statue of Jian in gold with his disciples who were also gold statues on either side. On our way out, we waved at the monks who now live in this Temple – and learned that monks have good wealth in China.

Dinner back at Kobayashi San’s Knitting Factory was again a sumptuous feast prepared by Tanaka San – including Japanese “hot pot soup” (with Kobe beef from Japan and good fresh vegetables of cabbage and spinach) and river crabs – and more than Dennis and I could begin to eat – the food was enormously abundant in both Japanese and Chinese offerings. We enjoyed laughter – and the round robin of language being translated from Chinese to Japanese to English and back again – more complex than my translation experience in Japan. Several people could speak two languages – and no one spoke all three – and of course, we were limited to English understanding and marveled at the quick translations that could be made for everyone’s enjoyment. Kobaysahi San gave us a tour of his factory after dinner, which was located in the building – and the workers, all in yellow dress, were there well into the evening as the workday concludes at 6PM. This was a great opportunity to see the Chinese labor that we’ve heard so much about in the U.S. – and the diligent craftsmanship that has provided so many goods for us at home. It seemed that nearly a hundred young woman were in various phases of production – as we marveled at the exquisite patterns that were forming on the knitting machines, intricate and calculated – and the next steps of measuring, adorning and finishing the high quality sweaters, dresses, hats, and gloves that are manufactured for the Japanese and other markets here – and sold for 0 and high prices. This factory uses knitting machines and hand labor – and in the regions of Korea and China, Fukuoka Knitting Company also employs a large labor force to individually hand knit items. It was fun to see and marvel at the beautiful finished product and talented production. And, on the way home, we ducked in for one more — yes — Chinese foot massage to send us off into dreamland — Chinese foot massages are the best.

November 12th – Monday in Tia Xing:

Dennis asked about the vegetable varieties which were enormous – and this morning we cruised the local market – to see the varieties that we’d seen on the table tops in the early stages of preparation – including all manner of fishes, meats, veggies, seasonings and more. This was all before breakfast – and the dumplings of the market were steaming fresh on the center round of the breakfast table – with pickled foods, porridge, Japanese soup and more again than is imaginable for us Americans. Tanaka San cooked abundantly for us. Xia gave us each lovely silk pajamas to remind us of this time together. We drove through the town to Xia’s house – that she proudly showed to us. Her glow radiated a pleasure of the Chinese gaining economic ability with the fruits of their labors – and included a big screen TV in every room, and in space and size, was much like our homes. We were headed back in the van to Shanghai today and later to the airport to Fukuoka, Japan to reunite with Japanese Rotary friends. Rotary is known for it’s worldwide connections — that foster understanding and opportunity for people to know people around the globe. And today, this connection, of generous spirit, took me where I would probably not have gone without Rotary’s international opportunity.

This article concludes the series — Rotary travels to Shanghai

Joan Perry
President/CEO of Take Charge Financial! | Joan’s Blog and http://www.joanperry.com

Joan Perry has developed her expertise over twenty-five years, beginning as an Investment Banker working on Wall Street and continuing as a Money Manager and Owner of a Securities Brokerage Firm. As President of Take Charge Financial!™, Joan initially founded one of the first female-owned Municipal Investment Banking firms in the United States known as Perry Investments Inc. in 1985, which then began retail and brokerage services to individuals in the mid-90s. She has in-depth trading and market experience from managing institutional and retail investment dollars in the securities markets, and throughout her career has managed billions of dollars in the bond, stock and options markets. Joan combined her personal and professional background in her book A GIRL NEEDS CASH© published by Random House in 2000 – a story of money in women’s lives and the transition to taking charge of it. She received her MBA from Vanderbilt Owen Graduate School of Management and undergraduate degree from Denison University. She was the founding President of the Los Gatos Morning Rotary Club and currently the Co-Chair of the Los Gatos, CA ‘Jazz on the Plazz’ Summer Concert Series.

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Chapter 1

Introduction

Energy is the basis of industrial civilization. Without it, modern life would be profoundly affected. During the 1970’s the world began a painful adjustment to the vulnerability of energy supplies. The industrialized nations used most of the world’s energy. Other energy sources including solar and wind power and vegetable wastes were relatively minor contributors to the world energy supplies, although of considerable importance of certain countries.

The new perfect storm may eclipse World War 2 in its fury. The new storm is not terrorism, as many in high places would like for you to believe. Rather, it is the Peak Oil Storm or to put in the simplest terms, the end of cheap oil. We have been warned again and again but the evidence is that the warnings often fallen on deaf ears.

Evidence of the ignored warning is the accelerating growth in size and inefficiency of our cars and trucks, the lack of oil and gas well drilling and the slowness of developing an effective research for alternative sources of energy.

The year 1973 brought an end to the era of secure, cheap oil. The very high oil prices again caused a worldwide recession and gave energy conservation a big push, as oil demand slackened and supplies increased the world oil market slumped. Of course, rapidly rising gasoline prices and oil prices are an important manifestation of the approaching perfect storm of Peak Oil. Oil prices are now about 5 per barrel and seem destined to go higher.

Statement of the problem

The concern of this study is to show how different countries resolve their energy crisis.

This study also sought to answer the following questions:

1.) Can we find and develop enough new energy resources to maintain the world’s increasing demand for fuel?

2.) Will existing oil and natural gas reserves become depleted before we have developed new energy supplies?

Objectives

1.) To know what is the most used energy resources by different countries.

2.) To investigate the alternatives used in facing Energy Crisis.

3.) To determine what countries are competing in exporting fuels.

Significance of the study

Since nowadays prices of fuel, gas, and oil increases day by day same goes for the financial problems of the people, and more people are concern about a drop of those energy sources this research believes that knowing the better way in consuming our energy resources will prevent crisis in energy. Through this study we will be aware that war is not the solution of the conflict in every nation. This study would be a great help not only in the country but also on us to be informed.

Theoretical review

Energy crisis certainly spread economic pain and hardship globally, especially to those who cannot afford higher transportation and heating fuel costs. It is like the tremors that before a major earthquake, they suggest the dangerous accumulation of powerful energy forces that will roil the planet for years to come.

Petroleum (crude oil) and natural gas are found in commercial quantities in sedimentary basins in more than 50 countries in all parts of the world. The largest deposits are in the Middle East, which contains more than half the known oil reserves and almost one-third of the known natural-gas reserves. The United States contains only about 2 percent of the known oil reserves and 3 percent of the known natural-gas reserves.

In the long run, conserving energy resources may provide the time needed to develop new sources of energy, such as hydrogen fuel cells, or to further develop alternative energy sources, such as solar energy and wind energy. While this development occurs, however, the world will continue to be vulnerable to disruptions in the supply of oil, which, after World War II (1939-1945), became the most favored energy source.

Chapter 2

Review of Related Literature

This chapter presents a review of related studies and researches, which are directly and indirectly related to the present problem. Wood was the first and, for most of human history, the major source of energy. It was readily available, because extensive forests grew in many parts of the world and the amount of wood needed for heating and cooking was relatively modest. Certain other energy sources, found only in localized areas, were also used in ancient times: asphalt, coal, and peat from surface deposits and oil from seepages of underground deposits.

This situation changed when wood began to be used during the Middle Ages to make charcoal. The charcoal was heated with metal ore to break up chemical compounds and free the metal. As forests were cut and wood supplies dwindled at the onset of the Industrial Revolution in the mid-18th century, charcoal was replaced by coke (produced from coal) in the reduction of ores. Coal, which also began to be used to drive steam engines, became the dominant energy source as the Industrial Revolution proceeded.

Although for centuries petroleum (also known as crude oil) had been used in small quantities for purposes as diverse as medicine and ship caulking, the modern petroleum era began when a commercial well was brought into production in Pennsylvania in 1859. The oil industry in the United States expanded rapidly as refineries sprang up to make oil products from crude oil. The oil companies soon began exporting their principal product, kerosene—used for lighting—to all areas of the world. The development of the internal-combustion engine and the automobile at the end of the 19th century created a vast new market for another major product, gasoline. A third major product, heavy oil, began to replace coal in some energy markets after World War II (yergin, stobaugh, and Weeks, 2003).

During World War I, the U.S. oil industry produced two-thirds of the world’s oil supply from domestic sources and imported another one-sixth from Mexico. At the end of the war and before the discovery of the productive East Texas fields in 1930, however, the United States, with its reserves strained by the war, became a net oil importer for a few years (Lee, 2003).

Formationof OPEC

Two series of events coincided to change this secure supply of cheap oil into an insecure supply of expensive oil. In 1960, enraged by unilateral cuts in oil prices by the seven big oil companies, the governments of the major oil-exporting countries formed the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries, or OPEC. OPEC’s goal was to try to prevent further cuts in the price that the member countries—Venezuela and four countries around the Persian Gulf—received for oil. They succeeded, but for a decade they were unable to raise prices. In the meantime, increasing oil consumption throughout the world, especially in Europe and Japan, where oil displaced coal as a primary source of energy, caused an enormous expansion in the demand for oil products (Yergin et.al, 2003).

The Energy Crisis

In October of the year 1973, as a result of the Arab-Israeli War, the Arab oil-producing countries cut back oil production and embargoed oil shipments to the United States and the Netherlands. Although the Arab cutbacks represented a loss of less than 7 percent in world supply, they created panic on the part of oil companies, consumers, oil traders, and some governments. Wild bidding for crude oil ensued when a few producing nations began to auction off some of their oil. This bidding encouraged the OPEC nations, which now numbered 13, to raise the price of all their crude oil to a level as high as eight times that of a few years earlier.

In 1978 a second oil crisis began, as a result of the revolution that eventually drove the Shah of Iran from his throne, Iranian oil production and exports dropped precipitously. Because Iran had been a major exporter, consumers again panicked. A replay of 1973 events, complete with wild bidding, again forced up oil prices during 1979. The outbreak of war between Iran and Iraq in 1980 gave a further boost to oil prices. By the end of 1980 the price of crude oil stood at 19 times what it had been just ten years earlier.

Significant increases in non-OPEC oil supplies, such as those in the North Sea, Mexico, Brazil, Egypt, China, and India, pushed oil prices even lower. Production in the Soviet Union reached 11.42 million barrels per day by 1989, accounting for 19.2 percent of world production in that year (Lee, 2003).

Chapter 3

Methodology

In this study, the researchers seek in the internet how this different countries solve this energy crisis. We found out that the major oil companies, which are based principally in the United States, initially found large oil supplies in the United States. As a result, oil companies from other countries—especially Britain, the Netherlands, and France—began to search for oil in many parts of the world, especially the Middle East. The British brought the first field there (in Iran) into production just before World War I (1914-1918). During World War I, the U.S. oil industry produced two-thirds of the world’s oil supply from domestic sources and imported another one-sixth from Mexico.

In industrialized countries, they have greater convenience in using oil and gas due to lower costs in the earlier 20th century that virtually forced coal out of the market for heating homes and offices and driving locomotives. But the dramatic jumps in oil prices after 1973, however, gave coal a major cost advantage for utilities and large industrial customers, and coal began to recapture some of its lost markets.

In contrast to the industrialized countries, developing countries that have large coal reserves (such as China and India) continue to use coal for industrial and heating purposes. The average price of coal has remained virtually unchanged since the early 1980s and is forecast to decline in the early part of the 21st century. However, in industrialized countries the need to comply with stricter environmental regulations has made burning coal more costly.

A major challenge in the move toward increased use of renewable forms of energy is that these resources are by nature intermittent and may not always be available when needed. As long as these energy sources are contributing less than 30 percent of the power in a given region, existing electricity grids will probably have enough reserve generating capacity to ensure reliability. But as these new energy sources become increasingly dominant, the system as a whole will need to be adapted. The simplest solution is to build backup generators that employ efficient gas turbines and a variety of sophisticated energy storage devices.

The World found better alternative to solve this energy crisis, this is through conservation. Energy supplies can be extended by the conservation of currently available resources. Three types of possible energy conservation practices may be described. The first type is curtailment, which is, doing without—for example, closing factories to reduce the amount of power consumed or cutting back on travel to reduce the amount of gasoline burned. The second type is overhaul, that is, changing the way people live and the way goods and services are produced—for example, slowing further suburbanization of society, using less energy-intensive materials in production processes, and decreasing the amount of energy consumed by certain products (such as automobiles). The third type involves the more efficient use of energy, that is, adjusting to higher energy costs—for example, investing in cars that go farther per unit of fuel, capturing waste heat in factories and reusing it, and insulating houses. This third option requires less drastic changes in lifestyle, so governments and societies most commonly adopt it over the other two options.

A number of obstacles stand in the way. One major roadblock to productive conservation is its highly fragmented and unglamorous character; it requires hundreds of millions of people to do mundane things such as turning off lights and keeping tires properly inflated. Another barrier has been the price of energy. When adjusted for inflation, the cost of gasoline in the United States was lower in 1998 than it was in 1972. Low energy prices make it difficult to convince people to invest in energy efficiency. From 1973 to the mid-1980s, when oil prices increased in the United States, energy consumption per person dropped about 14 percent, in large part due to conservation measures. However, because oil has become cheaper during the 1990s, the U.S. Energy Department predicts that by the year 2000 energy use in the United States will increase to within 2 percent of 1973 levels.

Chapter 4

Results

This part presents the result in resolving this energy crisis. By using oil and gas, they are producing considerable environmental pollution. One source of pollution connected with the oil industry is the sulfur in crude oil. Regulations of national and local governments restrict the amount of sulfur dioxide that can be discharged by factories and utilities burning fuel oil. Because removing sulfur is expensive, however, regulations still allow some sulfur dioxide to be discharged into the air.

Many scientists believe that another potential environmental problem from refining and burning large amounts of oil and other fossil fuels occurs when carbon dioxide, methane, and other by-product gases accumulate in the atmosphere.

During the Ky?to meeting, representatives of 160 nations signed an agreement known as the Ky?to Protocol, which would require 38 industrialized nations to limit emissions of greenhouse gases to levels that are an average of 5 percent below the emission levels of 1990. In order to reduce their fossil fuel emissions to achieve these levels, the industrialized nations would have to shift their energy mix toward energy sources that do not produce as much carbon dioxide, such as natural gas, or to alternative energy sources, such as hydroelectric energy, solar energy, wind energy, or nuclear energy.

Despite coal’s relative cheapness and huge reserves, the growth in the use of coal since 1973 has been much less than expected, because coal is associated with more environmental problems than oil. Underground mining can result in black lung disease for miners, the sinking of the land over mines and the drainage of acid into water tables. Surface mining requires careful reclamation, or the unrestored land will remain scarred and unproductive. In addition, the burning of coal causes emission of sulfur dioxide particles, nitrogen oxide, and other impurities.

Solving these problems is costly, and who should pay is a matter of controversy. As a result, coal consumption may continue to grow more slowly than would otherwise be expected. The vast coal reserves, the improved technologies to reduce pollution, and the further development of coal gasification still indicate, however, that the market for coal will increase in coming years.

During the next three decades, with occasional federal support, the U.S. oil companies were enormously successful in expanding in the rest of the world. By 1955 the five major U.S. oil companies produced two-thirds of the oil for the world oil market(not including North America and the Soviet bloc). Two British-based companies produced almost one-third of the world’s oil supply, and the French produced a mere one-fiftieth. The next 15 years were a period of serenity for energy supplies. The seven major U.S. and British oil companies provided the world with increasing quantities of cheap oil. The world price was about a dollar a barrel, and during this time the United States was largely self-sufficient, with its imports limited by a quota.

Observation

Many of the world’s leading petroleum geologists believe that the world oil supply will peak around 80 million barrels per day between 2010 and 2020. Since in1998 world consumption was approximately 70 million barrels per day. On the other hand, many economists believe that even modestly higher oil prices might lead to greater supply, since the oil companies would then have the economic incentive to exploit less accessible oil deposits.

Natural gas may be increasingly used in place of oil for applications such as power generation and transportation. One reason is that world reserves of natural gas have doubled since 1976, in part because of the discovery of major deposits of natural gas in Russia and in the Middle East. New facilities and pipelines are being constructed to help process and transport this natural gas from production wells to consumers.

Conserving energy has become increasingly important as energy rates and shortages have increased. Consumers can find a number of ways to cut back on their electrical use, especially with appliances commonly found in the home.

Conservation plays an important rule in solving world’s energy crisis. Many people had come to recognize that increased energy efficiency could help the world energy balance in the short and middle term, and that productive conservation should be considered as no less an energy alternative than the energy sources themselves.

Conclusions

In the light of the findings in this research we found out that Coal became the dominant energy source in the time of Industrial Revolution. This energy resource was also used by developing countries. But after World War II heavy oil, began to replace coal in some energy markets. Oil becomes the most used by industrialized countries since they need to comply with stricter environmental regulations that made burning coal more costly.

The researcher also found that the better alternative in facing energy crisis is through conservation rather than war. Since war can affect greatly to the production of energy resources.

We conclude also that due to its vast reserves, the Middle East countries will continue to be the major source of oil for the foreseeable future. However, new discoveries in the Caspian Sea region suggest that countries such as Kazakhstan may become major sources of petroleum in the 21st century.

The energy crisis of the 1970s was just a temporary blip in an otherwise agreeably oil-dependent lifestyle. Warnings that the world could run out of oil were countered by a flurry of more optimistic estimates. The world is not running out of oil—at least not yet. What our society does face, and soon, is the end of the abundant and cheap oil on which all industrial nations depend.